MBTI四種人格氣質16分類

　

ARTISAN藝術家型(SP) //尋求樂趣刺激

　　ESTP//Promoter促進者

　　ISTP//Operator工藝家

　　ESFP//Performer表演者

　　ISFP//Composer創作者

　　

GUARDIN守護者型(SJ)//尋求安全穩定

　　ESTJ//Supervisor督導者

　　ISTJ//Inspector視察者

　　ESFJ// Provider提供者

　　ISFJ//Protector保護者
　

RATIONAL理性型(NT)//尋求理性知識

　　ENTJ//Fieldmarshal指揮官

　　INTJ//Mastermind智多星

　　ENTP//Inventor發明家

　　INTP//Architec建築師

　

IDEALIST理想型(NF)// 尋求自我認定

　　ENFJ//Teacher教育家

　　INFJ//Counselor諮商師

　　ENFP//Champion奮戰者

　　INFP//Heale治療師

　　

心理學家容格認為人大致可分為E/I, S/N, T/F, J/P 四種基本運作與態度類型，不同人有不同取向：

	你的傾向是：	或是：
心理能力的走向 E 或I	外向型（Extraverted）：著重外在世界，因注意外在事情而獲得動力	內向型（Introverted）：著重內心世界，因反省、感覺和意念而獲得動力
認識外在世界的方法 S或N	辨識型（Sensing）：使用五官收集資料，強調事實，注重實際和具體觀點	直覺型（Intuition）：注重事情的可能性與關連性，看見潛在遠景
倚賴甚麼方式做決定 T或F	理智型（Thinking）：根據客觀事實，倚重分析來做決定，注重公平原則	感性型（Feeling）：下決定時，以個人觀點出發，重視個人價值、喜好和原則
生活方式和處事態度 J或P	判斷型（Judging）：喜歡有條理的生活，實踐計劃時，以目標為本	感知型（Perceiving）：不介意突發事情，喜歡彈性生活，注重過程而非目標

　

　　

Jungian Type Inventory

History

The Jungian Type Inventory is based on the types and preferences of Carl Gustav Jung, who wrote 'Psychological Types' in 1921.

Katherine Briggs and Isobel Briggs Myers are a mother and daughter team who build the modern system that is probably the most popular typing system in the world today. In particular, they devised a written test (The Myers-Briggs Type Inventory, or MBTI®) to identify the person's type.

Other variants have been evolved that are also based on the Jung typology. The most well-known of these is David Keirsey's Temperament Sorter. The test for this is freely available in his book 'Please Understand Me II' and used to be free on the web, though they have started charging for it in 2003. Another modern variant is Socionics.
Preferences

The Jungian inventory measures on four preference scales, giving a variable score to show the strength of each one. In the table below, the standard terms are shown first, with alternatives shown in parentheses.



The four preferences thus lead to sixteen types which use the E/I, S/N, T/F and J/P.

Below is a table with types, the percentage of the population and a one-liner description of their major characteristics.


You might notice that STJs are 24% of the population. This 'Left-side bias' is unsurprising, as our schools are workplaces tend very much to encourage logic and structure. This makes life particularly difficult for the NFPs of the world, but like left-handed tennis players, those that can handle the other side tend to excel.


資料來源：http://changingminds.org

柯塞量表

The Keirsey Temperament Sorter®-II (KTS®-II) is the most widely used personality instrument in the world. It is a powerful 70 question personality instrument that helps individuals discover their personality type. The KTS-II is based on Keirsey Temperament Theory™, published in the best selling books, Please Understand Me® and Please Understand Me II, by Dr. David Keirsey.

The KTS-II has been translated into 18 different languages, and has been used by over 40 million people from 140 different countries. It first appeared in Please Understand Me (1978), and was updated in the successor Please Understand Me II (1998). The KTS-II is currently being used by the Fortune 500, Global 1000, the US Government / Military, by major academic institutions, non-profit organizations, and faith based organizations worldwide.

According to Keirsey Temperament Theory, there are four basic temperament groups which describe human behavior. Keirsey’s four temperaments are referred to as Artisans™, Guardians™, Rationals™ and Idealists™. These four temperaments can be further subdivided, often referred to as “Character Types”. There are four types of Artisans, four types of Guardians, four types of Rationals, and four types of Idealists.

ARTISAN	GUARDIAN	RATIONAL	IDEALIST
Promoter (ESTP)	Supervisor (ESTJ)	Fieldmarshal (ENTJ)	Teacher (ENFJ)
Crafter (ISTP)	Inspector (ISTJ)	Mastermind (INTJ)	Counselor (INFJ)
Performer (ESFP)	Provider (ESFJ)	Inventor (ENTP)	Champion (ENFP)
Composer (ISFP)	Protector (ISFJ)	Architect (INTP)	Healer (INFP)

The questions in the KTS®-II are designed to sort between four dichotomous pairs of preferences, leading to results which reveal a person’s temperament and character type. The four preference scales measure a respondent's preference for the following:

TECHNICAL TERMS	MEANING		TECHNICAL TERMS	MEANING
(E) Extroversion	Expressive	vs.	(I) Introversion	Attentive
(S) Sensing	Observant	vs.	(N) Intuiting	Introspective
(T) Thinking	Tough-Minded	vs.	(F) Feeling	Friendly
(J) Judging	Scheduled	vs.	(P) Perceiving	Probing

資料來源：http://www.keirsey.com/

主管職能量表

主管是企業的台柱，核心團隊夠強的話，許多事好辦，但是如果團隊能力不強，那只好累死老闆。發現下面量表不錯用，請參考：

量表來源：中華人才測評協會 http://www.168dna.com.tw/html/products_03.htm

中高階管理職能分析量表

測評向度 說明 願景導引 讓組織的願景及價值觀成為員工決策及行動的標竿。 誠信正直 指個人在工作時所採取的行動是否符合誠信正直的原則？ 風險控管 在計劃執行前能夠先評估風險並提出應對方案的能力。 決策能力 在考量現有事實，限制及預期的結果下，做出正確的決策，並採取行動。 培育他人 願意培養他人的積極度與培養他人行動的完成程度。 團隊領導 指擔任團隊或其他群體之領導者角色的意圖與方向是否正確。 授權委責 將任務或決策權限委派給適當的人，以增加組織及個人的效能。 概念思考 指藉由拼湊片段和著眼大格局來瞭解一個狀況或問題的能力。 組織計畫 發展組織與訂定計劃的能力。 自我信心 指一個人相信自己具備完成某項任務的能力的程度。

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這個量表提供一個很好的參考架構，雖然向度有十個，但是真實世界的領導人也未必可以樣樣符合標準。當你看到這張量表時候，可以想想你自認哪幾項最好，又極度欠缺什麼？
　
知己知彼，貴在先能知己，就是有自知之明。